Setting up an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme in gynaecological oncology in low-to middle-income countries (LMIC):the challenges and opportunities
The International Agency for Research (IARC) has predicted a global increase of cancer by 54,5% by 2040 (Cancer Tomorrow tool), but this is more significant in low-to middle-income (LMIC) countries with a predicted increase of 88,6% in Africa. In terms of gynaecological malignancies, cervical cancer predominates in Africa and South Africa.
Feasibility and safety of the sentinel lymph node procedure for early vulval cancer in a low-resource high HIV-prevalence setting: a pilot study
Vulval SCC is usually described as a rare disease. It is one of the least common gynaecological malignancies, with an incidence of two to three per 100 000 women per year. Previously, it was a condition that affected mainly older women, with a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decades. The most usual precursor lesion in these women is thought to be differentiated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), often associated with vulval lichen sclerosus (LS).
Visual inspection using naked eye and colposcopy as a predictor of high-grade lesions on final histology in HIV-positive and -negative South African women
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally and the fourth leading cause of death. The GLOBOCAN estimates for 2020 indicate that approximately 604 127 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually, while 341 831 die from the disease. The highest regional incidence and mortality is in sub-Saharan Africa, with rates elevated in Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, and Middle Africa.
The prevalence of macroscopic cervical cancer in women on antiretroviral therapy in the Pietermaritzburg metropolitan area
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the second most common in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) according to the latest data from the global cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence report for 2020. There are approximately 604 000 new cases of cervical cancer, with 342 000 deaths annually. The majority of new cases, approximately 85%, as well as 90% of deaths, occur in LMICs.
Gestational choriocarcinoma in a postmenopausal woman: a case report – lessons for the junior clinician
Choriocarcinoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy originating from epithelial trophoblastic tissue. It is a subtype of gestational trophoblastic disease which Hippocrates first recognised in 400 BC. Categorised into gestational and non-gestational types, the former is the most common. Gestational choriocarcinoma occurs in approximately 1 in 50 000 normal pregnancies. The majority have an intrauterine origin and occur following a preceding molar pregnancy; however, there are cases following term pregnancies and spontaneous miscarriage.
Simplicity sacrificed in the FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging: Demystifying the complexity of twelve stages and seventeen substages
Endometrial cancer incidence is rapidly rising globally, and in recent years, research has gained significant momentum. Surgical techniques, histopathology classification, risk stratification and understanding of different adjuvant modalities have progressed a great deal since the last endometrial cancer FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging revision in 2009. Simultaneous rapid advances in the development of targeted therapies, accompanied by improved molecular and genetic diagnostics have contributed to a significant change in our understanding of the disease.